(Apocrypha). [237] Albert Einstein, addressing the Catholic Church's role during the Holocaust, said the following: "Being a lover of freedom, when the revolution came in Germany, I looked to the universities to defend it, knowing that they had always boasted of their devotion to the cause of truth; but, no, the universities immediately were silenced. Rabbinic Judaism (Hebrew: ) recognizes the twenty-four books of the Masoretic Text, commonly called the Tanakh (Hebrew: ") or Hebrew Bible. [244] And in 1966, Archbishop Andreas Rohracher expressed regret about the 18th century expulsions of the Salzburg Protestants from the Archbishopric of Salzburg. b Some 9:10, 16; Joel 1:7). . Take time to reflect on the implications of John 18:119:42 for your own life today. Jesus answers Pilate, explaining the different nature of the kingdom of God. What do these passages teach us about what glory is, and about what John is communicating with his words, We have seen his glory?. Jesus crucifixion perfectly illustrates this point. [2][3] By the end of the 2nd century, bishops began congregating in regional synods to resolve doctrinal and policy issues. 20:10). Throughout Scripture, whenever God is up to something big and new, his work is accompanied by miracles. The Holy Spirit inspired the writers of Scripture, guiding them to record the very words of God. Both I and II Maccabees suggest that Judas Maccabeus (c. 167 BC) likewise collected sacred books (3:4250, 2:1315, 15:69), indeed some scholars argue that the Hasmonean dynasty fixed the Jewish canon. However, some Catholic theologians have in the past held that the canonization of a saint by a pope is infallible teaching that the person canonized is definitely in heaven with God, because it relates to Faith. ","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"The Bible has a \"cast\" of thousands, but some of them play more important roles than others. When Jesus heard that Lazarus was ill, he stayed two days longer in the place where he was (John 11:6). When I received Christ, though, I confessed them (and my other sins) and received His forgiveness (1 John 1:9; Colossians 1:13-14). But even Jesus's closest confidant betrays him, as on the eve of the crucifixion, Peter denies knowing Jesus three times. The Fellows placed the burden of proof on those who advocate any passage's historicity. This decision of the transmarine church however, was subject to ratification; and the concurrence of the Roman see it received when Innocent I and Gelasius I (A.D. 414) repeated the same index of biblical books. Several of these prophecies were later understood by Christians to be predictions of Jesus, including the birth of Immanuel; the coming of the Prince of Peace, as quoted in Handel's Messiah; and the suffering of God's \"Servant\" for the sins of His people.\r\n

Mary

\r\nBeing Jesus's mom, as you might imagine, is bound to put you in the theological limelight, and Mary holds this office with dignity and grace.\r\n\r\nBetrothed to Joseph at a young age, Mary becomes pregnant under mysterious circumstances. The Ethiopian Tewahedo church accepts all of the deuterocanonical books of Catholicism and anagignoskomena of Eastern Orthodoxy except for the four Books of Maccabees. MY FATHER AND YOUR FATHER. And in order that the episcopate itself might be one and undivided, He placed Blessed Peter over the other apostles, and instituted in him a permanent and visible source and foundation of unity of faith and communion. A compromise was reached with only the Fascists allowed to sponsor sports teams.[227]. Jesus, the true and final offspring of Abraham (Gal. Dollfuss suppressed the anti-clerical elements and the socialists, but was assassinated by the Austrian Nazis in 1934. Brecht, Martin. Mary answers the question. Hennecke Edgard. A biblical canon is a set of texts (also called "books") which a particular Jewish or Christian religious community regards as part of the Bible. Some Protestant Bibles include 3 Maccabees as part of the Apocrypha. [206], The Sisters of Mercy was founded by Catherine McAuley in Ireland in 1831, and her nuns went on to establish hospitals and schools across the world. Transliteration of a Hebrew word meaning anointed one, the equivalent of the Greek word Christ. Two angels appear and ask Mary a question. Nothing escapes his knowledge and providence. If, as has been argued, there was no papal desire for international political hegemony, and Bismarck's resistance to it may be described as shadowboxing, many statesmen of the time were of the chancellor's persuasion. Jesus use of Old Testament quotes in the New Testament Ref NT Quote Ref NT Quote Ref OT Quote 1 Matt 4:4 Jesus answered, It is written: Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God. This is denied by others, in particular by Gallicans. Whoever believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live, and everyone who lives and believes in me shall never die (John 11:2526). These people were afraid of being put out of the synagogue (John 12:42), an important place of social and communal standing at the time. This inscription was written in three languages, allowing the majority of people in the vicinity of Jerusalem to read it. [42], In spite of these persecutions, evangelization efforts persisted, leading to the Edict of Milan which legalized Christianity in 313. . The earlier Romanesque style combined massive walls, rounded arches and ceilings of masonry. What can we learn from this scene about the power of prayer and the power of Gods voice? This ladder stands on grace, not works. 3:16), demonstrates Gods missionary heart here in John 3 and John 4. . [136] Jesus brings to a climax Gods missionary activity, for in Jesus God became flesh in order to make himself known to a lost world. In fact, the only way to have a relationship with Jesus is to know that you do not qualify! The two versions of the prayer in Latin may be viewed online for comparison at the following website: The "Martyrdom of Isaiah" is prescribed reading to honor the prophet Isaiah within the Armenian Apostolic liturgy. . The god who can produce fire and consume the sacrifice wins. Then all people will, either willingly or regretfully, acknowledge his sovereignty (Phil. All three persons of the Trinity are concerned to reach people with the good news of Gods great love. In his providential and mysterious way, God exercises his rule even through the most wicked earthly kingdoms. [176][177], The anti-clericalism of the French Revolution saw the wholesale nationalisation of church property and attempts to establish a state-run church. THE SERPENT CRUSHER. To enter into a relationship with Jesus, only one thing is required: faith. When Christians want to read scripture, they turn to the Bible. Elijah's atypical departure influenced later biblical prophets, who predicted that Elijah would return as a precursor to the coming of the Messiah. Jesus went to a cross so that you and I, sinners though we are, may be restored to Godand to real joy. Jesus relationship with Barabbas illustrates the gospel. In the midst of a storm, while walking on water, Jesus says to his frightened disciples, It is I; do not be afraid (John 6:20). In Mormon parlance, it was a burning in the bosom. But burning or not, it wasnt from God. Along with Jesus, the apostle Paul often highlighted this truth. ", "Why Pope Francis Won't Let Women Become Priests", "Pope Francis reaffirms John Paul II's ban on women priests", "Concerning the Reply of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on the Teaching Contained in the Apostolic Letter "Ordinatio Sacerdotalis", "Magisterial Documents and Public Dissent", "Doctrinal chief Ladaria plays down possibility of female deacons", "Theologians Assess 'Ordinatio Sacerdotalis', "Evangelium Vitae (25 March 1995) | John Paul II", "A letter addressed to the Catholics of England", A letter addressed to the Catholics of England, "Roman Catholic opposition to papal infallibility", Germain Grisez, "Note. . Two manuscripts exista longer Greek manuscript with Christian interpolations and a shorter Slavonic version. Elsewhere Jesus states that not even a sparrow can fall to the ground apart from Gods knowledge and will (Matt. "[126] He stated later that, "The Vatican Council left the Pope just as it found him," satisfied that the definition was very moderate, and specific in regards to what specifically can be declared as infallible.[127]. [225] According to the terms of the first treaty, Vatican City was given sovereignty as an independent nation in return for the Vatican relinquishing its claim to the former territories of the Papal States. According to John 13:35, what is the result of such love? Enjoy the latest tourism news from Miami.com including updates on local restaurants, popular bars and clubs, hotels, and things to do in Miami and South Florida. The status of individuals as saints in heaven is not taught in the Catholic Catechism or Creeds as required for belief. Examples of Catholics who before the First Vatican Council disbelieved in papal infallibility are French abb Franois-Philippe Mesenguy (16771763), who wrote a catechism denying the infallibility of the pope,[79] and the German Felix Blau (17541798), who as professor at the University of Mainz criticized infallibility without a clearer mandate in Scripture. The growth and development of the Armenian Biblical canon is complex. Pius XI thus became a head of a tiny state with its own territory, army, radio station, and diplomatic representation. [4], The Seminar fellows decided the beatitude for those persecuted in Jesus' name might trace back to Jesus as a beatitude for those who suffer, but concluded that in its final form the saying represents concerns of the Christian community rather than Jesus' message. The law revealed Gods righteous character and the righteous requirements God made of his people. The Council of Trent generated a revival of religious life and Marian devotions in the Catholic Church. Instead of Barabbas going to the cross, Jesus went to the cross. Enforcement was lax, and while some blame the Church for not doing enough to liberate the Indians, others point to the Church as the only voice raised on behalf of indigenous peoples. Write down five truths this prayer teaches us. Throughout the Old Testament, God saves people, destroys nations, and performs miracles, all through his word. God himself must grant and perform the miracle of new birth. [70] Missionaries such as Augustine of Canterbury, who was sent from Rome to begin the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons, and, coming the other way in the Hiberno-Scottish mission, Saints Colombanus, Boniface, Willibrord, Ansgar and many others took Christianity into northern Europe and spread Catholicism among the Germanic, and Slavic peoples, and reached the Vikings and other Scandinavians in later centuries. A few months later, on 31 October 1517, Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses in public, hoping to spark debate. But for the last 2,000 years, He has spoken to believers through Christ (Hebrews 1:1-2). In the Old Testament, the people of God traveled to the temple and made sacrifices, following elaborate instructions, in order to ensure that their sins were taken away. Consider the diversity of declarations made about Jesus in this section. Here in John 12, we see highlighted this sin that shows up on nearly every page of the Bible and in every human heart: Though [Jesus] had done so many signs before them, they still did not believe in him (John 12:37). Through it all, he injects joy, caring even for our physical needs. The Bible does, however, note certain appearances of an angel of the Lord which are apparently a physical manifestation of God himself. What is the significance of each of these declarations, and how do they deepen our understanding of who Jesus is and what he came to accomplish? As these disciples get to know Jesus, they say different things about him. The three books of Meqabyan are often called the "Ethiopian Maccabees", but are completely different in content from the books of Maccabees that are known or have been canonized in other traditions. What does this say about how Christians are to view their work week? Salvation, which is purely a work of Gods grace, can be received only through faith (Rom. What is the difference between a Jew and a Gentile? [97], "Books of the Bible" redirects here. The Spirit of God must accomplish this. Take time to reflect on the implications of John 20:3021:25 for your own life today. During his career, Isaiah advises several kings of Judah, helping them to avoid being destroyed by the mighty Assyrian Empire (around 700 B.C.E. John 20 begins with the Son of God alive, having been raised from death itself. The Orthodox Tewahedo churches recognize these eight additional New Testament books in its broader canon. This command reaches a climax with the arrival of the Son of God. [128], One example of the Catholic Church's political actions had already occurred in Italy on 29 February 1868, when the Sacred Penitentiary issued the decree Non Expedit, which declared that a Catholic should be "neither elector nor elected" in the Kingdom of Italy. 6:1242). Jesus teaches us that the point of the Old Testament is to point to himthe Son of God who has come to take away the sins of the world. In the early 8th century, Byzantine iconoclasm became a major source of conflict between the Eastern and Western parts of the Church. He is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion.Most Christians believe he is the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah (the Christ) prophesied in the Hebrew Bible. Solomon built the first temple of the Lord in Jerusalem, to replace the portable tabernacle. Canonical Books of the Holy Scripture, "The Epitome of the Formula of Concord - Book of Concord", "The Biblical Canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church Today", United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, "Are 1 and 2 Esdras non-canonical books? We see in the ministry of Jesus what we see throughout the Bible: The Holy Spirit is the one who empowers ministry. This is our Saviorthe Son of God who defeated death. In John 15, Jesus gives the last of his seven I am . "[85], Professor Delahogue asserted that the doctrine that the Roman Pontiff, even when he speaks ex cathedra, is possessed of the gift of inerrancy or is superior to General Councils may be denied without loss of faith or risk of heresy or schism. In many ancient manuscripts, a distinct collection known as the. Gods love for the world was so great that he endured the loss of his only Son in order to save us. Going beyond Pius XI, he also defined social teachings in the areas of medicine, psychology, sport, television, science, law and education. Wright,[36] William Lane Craig,[37] Luke Timothy Johnson,[38] Craig A. Evans,[39] Paul Barnett,[40][41] Michael F. Bird,[42] Craig Blomberg,[31][43] Markus Bockmuehl,[44] Raymond Brown,[45] James D.G. [74] Luther himself did not accept the canonicity of the Apocrypha although he believed that its books were "Not Held Equal to the Scriptures, but Are Useful and Good to Read". Jesus then has three major encounters with three very different types of people: Nicodemus, a representative of the Jewish religious establishment; a Samaritan woman; and a Gentile official. Friction continued over the Catholic Action youth network, which Mussolini wanted to merge into his Fascist youth group. We see this first in Genesis 12, when God calls Abram out of the crowd and into a relationship with himself. My favorite Bible proof text to back this claim was Amos 3:7, which reads, Surely, the Lord God will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the prophets.. Must not Catholics believe the Pope himself to be infallible? The film aired again on "The Coral Ridge Hour" on Palm Sunday, 2005.[75]. John contributes much to Christian theology. A shorter variant of the prayer by King Solomon in 1 Kings 8:2252 appeared in some medieval Latin manuscripts and is found in some Latin Bibles at the end of or immediately following Ecclesiasticus. [111] Under the patronato system, state authorities controlled clerical appointments and no direct contact was allowed with the Vatican. Many Sunni Sufi imams claim to be initiated masters and spiritual heirs of the prophet and thus are associated by the believers to the same infallibility,[124] regardless of the sins linked above the lives of their material circles. Members acted on the premise that Jesus did not hold an apocalyptic worldview, an opinion that is controversial in mainstream scholarly studies of Jesus. Now, with the arrival of Jesus, we dont need to do anything to cover for our sins. Jesus has used similar phrasing in John 8:12, John 9:4, and John 11:910. Clear indications of the consciousness of the Primacy of the Roman bishops, and of the recognition of the Primacy by the other churches, appear at the end of the 1st century. But not all the news surrounding David is good. John 5:117 narrates Jesus encounter with a man who had been an invalid (the Greek term for a disabled condition) for 38 years. In this section of John, Jesus talks repeatedly about the Holy Spirit. The prophet Isaiah gives prominent attention to this theme, and is quoted here in John 12 by Jesus (see also Matt. [269] In response to the ensuing scandal, the Church has established formal procedures to prevent abuse, encourage reporting of any abuse that occurs and to handle such reports promptly, although groups representing victims have disputed their effectiveness.[270]. After being handed his calling from Jesus, Peter asks Jesus about the calling on Johns life. (For further background, see the ESV Study Bible, pages 20602068, available online at. [39] Yet Gods people were consistently faithless, giving God every reason to cancel his promises. The Vatican's relationship with Mussolini's government deteriorated drastically after 1930 as Mussolini's totalitarian ambitions began to impinge more and more on the autonomy of the Church. In his day, Strauss had to offer evidence to question the historicity of any part of the gospels because his audience assumed that the gospels were historical. And take a moment also to look back through this unit, to reflect on a few key things that you would like to learn throughout this study of John. But they couldnt hold Jesus. The Great Assembly, also known as the Great Synagogue, was, according to Jewish tradition, an assembly of 120 scribes, sages, and prophets, in the period from the end of the biblical prophets to the time of the development of Rabbinic Judaism, marking a transition from an era of prophets to an era of rabbis. [83] Some view Crossan as an important voice in contemporary historical Jesus research, promoting the idea of a non-apocalyptic Jesus who preaches a sapiential eschatology. Jesus came as the fulfillment of the Old Testament promises of a coming king and shepherd. . When their efforts fail, Elijah prays to God, who immediately sends fire down from the sky and consumes the sacrifice. Jesus replied, I am the way, and the truth, and the life. Any person who submits to the teachings of another. THE FATHERS CUP. Repeatedly Jesus has flipped inside out our natural understanding of how to relate to God. Accounts like Hasler's, which paint Pius IX and Vatican I in the most negative terms, are adequately refuted by the testimony of participants at Vatican I. Though it is not currently considered canonical, various sources attest to the early canonicityor at least "semi-canonicity"of this book. The Old Testament repeatedly speaks about the coming Messiah, the coming king or anointed one. Isaiah 9:67 sums up many of these expectations. Explain the meaning of Jesus words. 2022: The Pictures of the Year. Jesus views people as captives to sin, people in need of a rescue. Jesus quoted from the Book of Exodus which records the Ten Commandments. Jesus repeatedly defends his ministry throughout this section of John by appealing to Scripture. Why do you think these Gentiles wished to see Jesus? Birth of the Spirit refers to the gift of the Holy Ghost, allegedly bestowed after baptism. Consistent with Mormon doctrine, then, Christ and Satan are spirit brothers. In John 9:2, Jesus disciples ask an important question about suffering. Of the prophets quoted, Isaiah is referred to the most; he is quoted directly more than a dozen times. John is likely drawing upon the rich reservoir of meaning for the term both in Hellenistic thought and in first-century Judaism. Then review the following questions and write your own notes on them concerning this phase of Jesus ministry. The book then culminates in Jesus betrayal, crucifixion, burial, resurrection, and resurrection appearances. Jerusalem had been sacked by Rome. [240] The council approved a revision of the liturgy and permitted the Latin liturgical rites to use vernacular languages as well as Latin during mass and other sacraments. John 3:16 is surely the most famous verse in the Bible. Read Matthew 3:17 and Matthew 17:5 to note the other two instances. . Jesus resurrection takes place on the first day of the week (John 20:1). John presents Jesus as God in the flesh (John 1:14), the revealer of the Father (John 14:9), and the messianic King (John 1:41, 49; 4:25; 6:15), answering many Old Testament hopes. In David's favor, when the prophet Samuel confronts David with his sin, David repents. (For further background, see the ESV Study Bible, pages 20682071, available online at. This temple was later destroyed by the Babylonians, rebuilt, and destroyed again by the Romans. We are branches that can bear fruit as long as we are connected to the vine, Jesus. Equally clear is that salvation results from Gods grace through each believers faith, not from obeying a checklist of laws and ordinances (Ephesians 2:8-9; 2 Timothy 1:9; Titus 3:5). Jesus gave Martha teaching, but he gave Mary his tears. In John 15, Jesus teaches the secret of fruitfulness: to abide in him. After cleansing the temple, Jesus converses with the Jewish leaders and makes a statement about his approaching death and resurrection, as well as about his identity as the true and better temple for Gods people. Among the many arguments to be made for the authority of Scripture, the greatest argument is that Jesus himself treated the Holy Scripture as authoritative, and submitted his life to it. Take note of the personal implications for your walk with the Lord regarding (1) the Gospel Glimpses, (2) the Whole-Bible Connections, (3) the Theological Soundings, and (4) this passage as a whole. From the start, Mormons have tried to establish what they call "Zion", a utopian society of the righteous.Mormon history can be divided into three broad periods: (1) the early history during the lifetime of Joseph Smith, (2) a "pioneer era" under the leadership of Brigham 1:3). [73], The Lutheran Epitome of the Formula of Concord of 1577 declared that the prophetic and apostolic Scriptures comprised the Old and New Testaments alone. Jesus crucifixion as told by John contains several striking connections with Psalm 22, including the casting of lots for the sufferers clothing (Psalm 22:18), the sufferers thirst (Psalm 22:15), and the pierced . And notice that Jesus doesnt ask his disciples to meet certain qualifications. This opening passage of John sets the stage for the rest of the Gospel. [60] The Protestant Apocrypha contains three books (3 Esdras, 4 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh) that are accepted by many Eastern Orthodox Churches and Oriental Orthodox Churches as canonical, but are regarded as non-canonical by the Catholic Church and are therefore not included in modern Catholic Bibles. The Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Assyrian Christian churches may have differences in their lists of accepted books. The battles of Toulouse preserved the Christian west against the Umayyad Muslim army, even though Rome itself was ravaged in 850, and Constantinople besieged. Their reconstructions depended on social anthropology, history and textual analysis. From what you know of first-century Jewish culture, why might it be significant that a woman is the first one to encounter the resurrected Jesus? Thus, Jesus confronts them with the truth of their sin. Why have these texts helped you better grasp the gospel of Gods grace? The stained glass windows, frescoes, statues, paintings and panels retold the stories of the saints and of biblical characters. [4][5][6] According to the Seminar, Jesus was a mortal man born of two human parents, who did not perform nature miracles nor die as a substitute for sinners nor rise bodily from the dead. When a prophet speaketh in the name of the Lord, the scripture reads, if the thing follow not, nor come to pass, that is the thing which the Lord hath not spoken, but the prophet hath spoken it presumptuously: thou shalt not be afraid of him. Isaiah 8:20 contains a similar warning: To the law and the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them., False prophets who led ancient Israel astray received the death penalty (Deuteronomy 13:1-5; 18:20), and all who profess to be living prophets should consider the consequences. In John 1:3551, Jesus calls his first five disciples. Moses couldnt accomplish the great act of grace that Jesus came to accomplish. The result was that the number of parish clergy plunged from 60,000 in 1790 to 25,000 in 1815, many of them elderly. a "closed book", a prohibition against future scribal editing) or to the instruction received by Moses on Mount Sinai. We, too, are imperfect disciples. 10:29). For example, they translate "woe to you" as "damn you". Throughout my mission, I used only those Bible verses that steered prospects away from their church and toward Mormonism. The opening verses of John make clear that the Son of Godthe Wordis also the same God who created the universe in the beginning. Putting John 1 together with Genesis 1, we see here all three persons of the TrinityFather, Son, and Spirit. While this likely refers to the account of Isaiah's death within the Lives of the Prophets, it may be a reference to the account of his death found within the first five chapters of the Ascension of Isaiah, which is widely known by this name. The god who can produce fire and consume the sacrifice wins. In this prologue, John introduces many of the major themes developed later in the Gospel, such as Jesus as the life, the light, and the truth; believers as Gods children; and the worlds rejection of Jesus. Rebuking Peter for his use of the sword, Jesus says, Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me? (John 18:11). (Spring, 1982), pp. Those raised will be given new, physical bodies. At the cross the Fathers wrath against sin was poured out on Jesus so that it need never be poured out on those who trust in him. With its 66 books, 1,189 chapters and nearly 740,000 words, its the divine road map to eternal life through Jesus Christ. Read Hebrews 2:1415 and Colossians 2:1315. Meditate on the empty tomb. Yet Jesus loved them. He has challenged the emptiness of the arid religion of the scribes and Pharisees, earning their opposition as a result. Similarly, the beloved disciple writes, liars are doomed to an eternity outside of Gods presence (Revelation 22:15). Then review the following questions and write your notes on them concerning this phase of Jesus ministry. In the 1960s, growing social awareness and politicization in the Latin American Church gave birth to liberation theology. [59] In 385, this new legal authority of the Church resulted in the first use of capital punishment being pronounced as a sentence upon a Christian 'heretic', namely Priscillian. Michael J. Wilkins & J.P. Moreland, General Editors. First, Mark contains only approximately seventy quotations and allusions, as opposed to Matthews 124 (although Marks Gospel is admittedly shorter). According to John 3:3, what must happen for someone to see the kingdom of God? Laced throughout the Bible is the doctrine of vocation, the truth that God creates everyone uniquely (Psalm 139) and places unique callings on each individual life. (For further background, see the ESV Study Bible, pages 20602068, available online at www.esvbible.org.). He did this three times. How do these passages from Isaiah explain the peoples reaction to Jesus? [23], A four-gospel canon (the Tetramorph) was asserted by Irenaeus in the following quote: "It is not possible that the gospels can be either more or fewer in number than they are. [52], In the period following the Counter-Reformation the Dominican school of theology at the Roman College of Saint Thomas in Rome, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum was active in defending the doctrine of papal infallibility. [202] He noted major dangers for human freedom and dignity, arising from unrestrained capitalism and totalitarian communism. The dogma of papal infallibility is rejected by Eastern Orthodoxy for similar reasons. He writes: Of the 74 [scholars] listed in their publication The Five Gospels, only 14 would be leading figures in the field of New Testament studies. The Papacy were the initial victors, but as Italians divided between Guelphs and Ghibellines in factions that were often passed down through families or states until the end of the Middle Ages, the dispute gradually weakened the Papacy, not least by drawing it into politics. For instance, in the Slavonic, Orthodox Tewahedo, Syriac, and Armenian traditions, the New Testament is ordered differently from what is considered to be the standard arrangement. Has your understanding of the gospel changed, expanded, or deepened in any particular way during the course of this study? He took upon himself the punishment they deserve and thereby reconciled them to God. 1, p. 347, Moto Proprio, De Aliquibus Mutationibus, 11 June 2007, Elizabeth Dias, "Pope Francis Willing To 'Evaluate' Civil Unions, But No Embrace of Gay Marriage", Mariano Castillo, "Pope Francis reassigns conservative American cardinal,", Christianity spread throughout the early Roman Empire, Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire, His instructions to them to continue His work, Christianity began growing away from Jewish practices, Rise of Christianity during the Fall of Rome, through the process of official 'canonization', Medieval history of Christianity High Middle Ages (8001499), Modern history of Christianity Age of Enlightenment (16401740), Modern history of Christianity Revivalism (17201906). The community was very small until the Jesuit Francis Xavier (15021552) began missionary work. p. 321. Cathedra and sedes are Latin words for "chair", a symbol of the teacher in the ancient world. When Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933 and asked for a concordat, Pius XI accepted. For all Christians, Mary becomes venerated more than any other woman in the Bible.\r\n

Jesus

\r\nThe New Testament's story of Jesus is as fascinating as it is inspiring. In John 19, the author quotes Psalm 22 (the psalm most frequently quoted in the New Testament), in which the psalmist writes many prophetic details of the execution scene that are fulfilled here in Jesus death, nearly a thousand years later. Supporting the belief that the virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception was preserved free from all stain of original sin (aka Immaculate Conception) Alexander VII declared in 1661, that the soul of Mary was free from original sin. 25:41; Rev. Jesus is the light of the world (John 8:12; 12:46). The declaration of Ravenna in 2007 re-asserted these beliefs, and re-stated the notion that the bishop of Rome is indeed the protos, although future discussions are to be held on the concrete ecclesiological exercise of papal primacy. [95] In 2001, Pope John Paul II apologized to the Orthodox Christians for the sins of Catholics including the sacking of Constantinople in 1204. Sin, Satan, and death were decisively defeated when Jesus rose from the dead. 31:14; Luke 14:1224). 'The Old Testament is frequently used in the New Testament. According to the Torah and Halakha (Jewish religious law), ritual circumcision of all male Jews and their slaves (Genesis 17:1013) is a commandment from God that Jews are obligated to perform on the eighth day of birth, and is only postponed or abrogated in the case of threat to the life or health of the child. According to John 5:18, why were the Jews seeking to kill Jesus? It is the sheer miracle of gracereceiving new birth through the finished work of Jesus Christ. Thirty-eight years of disability are shed simply through the voice of Jesus. It denounced the regime's persecution of the church in Italy and condemned "pagan worship of the State. Part Four: The Catholic-Protestant Debate on Papal Infallibility, "Alpha and Omega Ministries, The Christian Apologetics Ministry of James R. White", "Eminent Victorians/Cardinal Manning - Wikisource, the free online library", "The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646)", "The Historical Origins of Papal Infallibility | Heft | Proceedings of the Catholic Theological Society of America", The true and the false infallibility of the Popes. It clarifies the "inopportunist" position as largely a polite fiction and notes how it was used by Infallibilists to trivialize the nature of the opposition to papal claims. And Jesus does more than that. Supreme and independent power and authority. Jesus speaks a sentence to him, and he is instantly healed: Jesus said to him, Get up, take up your bed, and walk. And at once the man was healed (John 5:89). Salvation comes, most fundamentally, through the miracle of new birth, whereby our hearts are set free to put our trust in Jesus. On the other hand, some traditional regions held fast to the faith, led by local nobles and historic families. "[32][42][43], By the bull Ad conditorem canonum of 8 December 1322,[44] John XXII, declaring it ridiculous to pretend that every scrap of food given to the friars and eaten by them belonged to the pope, forced them to accept ownership by ending the arrangement according to which all property given to the Franciscans was vested in the Holy See, which granted the friars the mere use of it. In the spirit of ecumenism more recent Catholic translations (e.g., the New American Bible, Jerusalem Bible, and ecumenical translations used by Catholics, such as the Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition) use the same "standardized" (King James Version) spellings and names as Protestant Bibles (e.g., 1 Chronicles, as opposed to the Douaic 1 Paralipomenon, 12 Samuel and 12 Kings, instead of 14 Kings) in the protocanonicals. It is the most theologically and philosophically profound Gospel account. Here in John 12 we see Gentiles flocking to Jesus, saying, Sir, we wish to see Jesus (John 12:21). [12][13] While some scholars do state Peter was the first Bishop of Rome,[14][a] others say that the institution of the papacy is not dependent on the idea that Peter was Bishop of Rome or even on his ever having been in Rome. In the context of the Bible, the act of buying back someone who had become enslaved or something that had been lost to someone else. Major lawsuits emerged in 2001 claiming that priests had sexually abused minors. Mulieris Dignitatem was issued in 1988 to clarify women's equally important and complementary role in the work of the Church. Thus, Jesus's \"brothers\" and \"sisters\" were either children fathered by Joseph from previous marriages, or cousins. Who are the three people John denies being, and how does John answer the Pharisees question in John 1:23? The SS decided the German Catholic Church was a serious threat to its hegemony and while it was too strong to be abolished it was partly stripped of its influence, for example by closing its youth clubs and publications. The History of Creeds. After leaving John the Baptist to follow Jesus, Andrew exclaimed to his brother, Peter, We have found the Messiah (which means Christ) (John 1:41). But he cannot err when he is in cathedra, that is, when he intends to make an instruction and decree for the guidance of the whole Church, when he means to confirm his brethren as supreme pastor, and to conduct them into the pastures of the faith. Some of these writings have been cited as scripture by early Christians, but since the fifth century a widespread consensus has emerged limiting the New Testament to the 27 books of the modern canon. [116] The issue resulted in a crisis of conscience in 16th-century Spain. When discussing plural gods on my mission, I sidestepped Isaiah 44:8 whenever possible. The issue is whom we declare as the god of our life. During Passover, Jesus turns five loaves and two fish into a feast for thousands. In 313, the persecutions were lessened by the Edict of Milan with the legalization of Christianity by the Emperor Constantine I. 1905 the 1801 Concordat was abrogated; Church and State were finally separated. ), No - (inc in Appendix in Clementine Vulgate as 4 Esdras. The visible Church of Christ is a congregation of faithful men, in which the pure Word of God is preached, and the Sacraments be duly ministered according to Christ's ordinance, in all those things that of necessity are requisite to the same. Not only do we live in an atomic and space age, but in the most technologically advanced age of all time. Whether it's to pass that big test, qualify for that big promotion or even master that cooking technique; people who rely on dummies, rely on it to learn the critical skills and relevant information necessary for success. Jesus is likely referring to these two Old Testament passages when he likens himself and the work of the Holy Spirit to rivers of living water (John 7:3739). John employs this theme of seeing versus blindness repeatedly throughout his Gospel as well as in his letters (e.g., John 3:3, 36; 6:30; 8:56; 9:141; 10:21; 11:37; 12:40; 14:19; 16:1619; 1 John 2:11; 3:2). [175] On 12 September 1744, Benedict XIV forbade the so-called Malabar rites in India, with the result that leading Indian castes, who wanted to adhere to their traditional cultures, turned away from the Catholic Church. In the 11th century, already strained relations between the primarily Greek church in the East, and the Latin church in the West, developed into the East-West Schism, partially due to conflicts over papal authority. Moreover, Adam and Eve's disobedience introduce fear and alienation into humankind's formerly perfect relationships with God and one another. THE WORD OF GOD. Jesus death and resurrection purchased eternal salvation for believers (Rom. May this study become part of your Christian walk of faith, day by day and week by week throughout all your life. The "Letter to the Captives" found within Sqoqaw Eremyasand also known as the sixth chapter of Ethiopic Lamentations. THE GOOD SHEPHERD. ), The Testimony of John the Baptist (John 1:1934). This man had stationed himself near a pool thought to have healing powers. [171] These missions brought grain, cattle and a new political and religious order to the Indian tribes of California. The Orthodox Tewahedo broader canon in its fullest formwhich includes the narrower canon in its entirety, as well as nine additional booksis not known to exist at this time as one published compilation. Because of these prophecies, Jews invite Elijah every Passover to usher in the age of the Messiah, and the New Testament writers associate John the Baptist, the forerunner of Jesus's ministry, with Elijah.\r\n

Isaiah

\r\nIsaiah is one of the most influential prophets in the Hebrew Bible. [61], One of the documents mentioned is Pope John Paul II's apostolic letter Ordinatio sacerdotalis on reserving priestly ordination to men alone,[71] which the Congregation earlier stated to be infallible, although not taught ex cathedra (i.e., although not a teaching of the extraordinary magisterium), clarifying that the content of this letter confirmed "by a formal declaration" what had been taught infallibly by the ordinary and universal magisterium. [224], To bolster his own dictatorial Fascist regime, Benito Mussolini was also eager for an agreement. There is no life so broken that Jesus cannot fix it. [80], In the Declaration and Protestation signed by the English Catholic Dissenters in 1789, the year of the French Revolution,[81] the signatories state:[82]. [31], Jesuit theologian Gerald O'Collins has been critical of the methods and conclusions of the Jesus Seminar with particular attention to Christological ramifications. With the coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III in 800, his new title as Patricius Romanorum, and the handing over of the keys to the Tomb of Saint Peter, the papacy had acquired a new protector in the West. John 1 taps into this whole-Bible theme of men sent from God, showing us that Jesus is the ultimate man sent from God. Carson, N.T. [40] Many fled[41] or renounced their beliefs. God is constantly engaged in missionary activity, making himself known to people who are far from him. The union is between Christ, the Bridegroom, and His collective body of believers, who are the bride (Matthew 25:1-13; John 3:29; Romans 7:4; 2 Corinthians 11:2). Meditate on the empty tomb. Falling to the ground is a common reaction to divine revelation. And if he cant, how can anyone else? Johns aim is for his readers to behold how glorious Jesus is. Adam and Eve sinned in the Garden of Eden because of their unbelief, as they chose to not believe Gods word and voice and instead believed the voice of the serpent (Satan). "[64], Luke Timothy Johnson[54] of the Candler School of Theology at Emory University, in his 1996 book The Real Jesus, voiced concerns with the seminar's work. Part of the oath stated "It is not an article of the Catholic Faith, neither am I thereby required to believe or profess that the Pope is infallible. [275][276], Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent, According to several historians, including, As examples, Bokenkotter cites that Sunday became a state day of rest, that harsher punishments were given for prostitution and adultery, and that some protections were given to slaves. [269] The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops commissioned a comprehensive study that found that four percent of all priests who served in the US from 1950 to 2002 had faced some sort of accusation of sexual misconduct. Magazine; 2022: The Pictures of the Year We sent our photographers around the globe to document our world and our times. How should this purpose statement inform how Christians read, study, preach, and interact with this book? When prospective converts remained skeptical of living prophets, I quoted Ephesians 4:11-14, which apparently requires living apostles and prophets until believers unify in the faith and understand Christ completely. 2:5; compare Heb. [231] No Catholic or Protestant chaplains were allowed in its units (although they were allowed in the regular army). John states that after Jesus heard Lazarus was ill, he stayed two days longer in the place where he was (John 11:6). [23], After Marcion, Christians began to divide texts into those that aligned well with the "canon" (meaning a measuring line, rule, or principle) of accepted theological thought and those that promoted heresy. [274] He has signalled numerous dramatic changes in policy as wellfor example removing conservatives from high Vatican positions, calling on bishops to lead a simpler life, and taking a more pastoral attitude towards homosexuality. THE LAMB OF GOD. [82] It was here where notable theologians worked to explain the connection between human experience and faith. He deals with us in a wonderfully personal way. Jesus crucifixion occurred on the day of Preparation of the Passover (John 19:14), the day when Passover lambs would be sacrificed in Jerusalem. We are branches that can bear fruit as long as we are connected to the vine, Jesus. A British Prime Minister, William Ewart Gladstone, publicly attacked Vatican I, stating that Roman Catholics had "forfeited their moral and mental freedom." [10][need quotation to verify] The Fellows argued that the authentic words of Jesus, rather than revealing an apocalyptic eschatology which instructs his disciples to prepare for the end of the world, indicate that he preached a sapiential eschatology, which encourages all of God's children to repair the world. What caused this disciple to change his stance? From what you know of the Bible and first-century history, write out a definition for the word Jew, and for the word Gentile. [136][137] In 1565, several hundred Huguenot shipwreck survivors surrendered to the Spanish in Florida, believing they would be treated well. This council affirmed that Gentiles could become Christians without adopting all of the Mosaic Law. (For further background, see the ESV Study Bible, pages 20682071, available online at www.esvbible.org.). How would our understanding of God be diminished if we did not have Johns Gospel? Sovereignty over all things is a distinctive attribute of God (1 Tim. (0 Points), "Congratulations, you poor! He always knows what he is doing. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library", "Catholic Encyclopedia: Beatification and Canonization", "Doctrinal Commentary on the Concluding Formula of the Professio Fidei", "Responsum ad propositum dubium concerning the teaching contained in "Ordinatio Sacerdotalis", "Pope Francis reiterates a strong 'no' to women priests", "Why has the pope said no to women priests? Make a list of everything this passage teaches us about God the Father, about God the Son, and about the relationship God the Father and God the Son enjoy. I. Ker. Crucified at Passover, Jesus blood is smeared on a cross, allowing Gods wrath to pass over all who trust in the Lamb of God. (For further background, see the ESV Study Bible, pages 20192020, available online at. What is Jesus doing? The council became the driving-force of the Counter-Reformation, and reaffirmed central Catholic doctrines such as transubstantiation, and the requirement for love and hope as well as faith to attain salvation. But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed (Isa. There are numerous citations of Sirach within the Talmud, even though the book was not ultimately accepted into the Hebrew canon. John 12:37 is startling. What do Peter and John do once they hear the news from Mary? (For further background, see the ESV Study Bible, pages 20502060, available online at www.esvbible.org.). The Gospel concludes with a purpose statement and epilogue which together rehearse the major themes of the Gospel: Jesus identity as the Christ and Son of God, his messianic signs, the urgency of believing in Jesus, and the gift of eternal life. God then performs the first surgery, creating Eve from Adam's side (a more literal translation than "rib"). However, it is not always clear as to how these writings are arranged or divided. The Catholic canon was set at the Council of Rome (382).[19]. Hasler; Peter Heinegg, Sociological Analysis, Vol. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. With these two sentences, Jesus brings to a climax the longings of Gods people. In John 10:11, Jesus announces, I am the good shepherd. Peter denied Jesus three times (John 18:1518, 2527). How convenient for a missionary. Reflecting on these three different people, consider how they each respond to Jesus. He made a way for us. He gives Peter an enormous responsibility, commanding him to shepherd and lead the church. John 1321 zeroes in on Jesus final few days leading to his death and resurrection. See John 12:11 and John 11:48. The oath was required in Ireland from 1793. Take time to reflect on the implications of John 20:129 for your own life today. Because Catholics believe that their bishops are the successors of the apostles and that Peter had a special role among the apostles as the preserver of unity, the Pope is considered the spokesman for the whole Church. 21:23). . Their decrees also declared by fiat that Epistle to the Hebrews was written by Paul, for a time ending all debate on the subject. How does Johns ending affect you, and how is this different from the endings of the other Gospel accounts? For instance, while proselyting in Grand Forks, North Dakota, I was once asked where the Bible mentions the secret undergarments Mormons wear. Scholars have called him a saintly pope because he reformed abuses by the Church, including simony, nepotism and the lavish papal expenditures that had caused him to inherit a papal debt of 50,000,000scudi. Liberal Catholics form another dissenting group who feel that the Vatican II reforms did not go far enough. In the Netherlands, the wars of the Counter-Reformation were the Dutch Revolt and the Eighty Years' War, part of which was the War of the Jlich Succession also including northwestern Germany. John employs this theme of seeing versus blindness repeatedly throughout his Gospel as well as in his letters (e.g., John 3:3, 36; 6:30; 8:56; 9:141; 10:21; 11:37; 12:40; 14:19; 16:1619; 1 John 2:11; 3:2). Throughout this study, we have seen that Johns Gospel falls roughly into two sections. The people, however, had not read their Hebrew Scriptures closely enough. Ferguson, Everett. 9:9; Ps. But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed (Isa. [51], During Constantine's reign, approximately half of those who identified themselves as Christian did not subscribe to the mainstream version of the faith. The Didache,[note 5] The Shepherd of Hermas,[note 6] and other writings attributed to the Apostolic Fathers, were once considered scriptural by various early Church fathers. [207] The Little Sisters of the Poor was founded in the mid-19th century by Saint Jeanne Jugan near Rennes, France, to care for the many impoverished elderly who lined the streets of French towns and cities. The Jewish Tanakh (sometimes called the Hebrew Bible) contains 24 books divided into three parts: the five books of the Torah ("teaching"); the eight books of the Nevi'im ("prophets"); and the eleven books of Ketuvim ("writings"). Membership in a church organization might foster social activity and fellowship, but its not spiritual rebirth. [32] Several Bible scholars (for example Bart D. Ehrman, an agnostic, and Paula Fredriksen, a Jew) have reasserted Albert Schweitzer's eschatological view of Jesus. "[13], The Samaritan Pentateuch's relationship to the Masoretic Text is still disputed. This is one of the many places where Jesus argues that the Old Testament Scriptures are about him, that the Bible tells one big story about him. He knew that she needed teachingshe needed to hear Jesus say, I am the resurrection and the life. Brian Tierney agrees with Kng, whom he cites, and concludes: "There is no convincing evidence that papal infallibility formed any part of the theological or canonical tradition of the church before the thirteenth century; the doctrine was invented in the first place by a few dissident Franciscans because it suited their convenience to invent it; eventually, but only after much initial reluctance, it was accepted by the papacy because it suited the convenience of the popes to accept it. Though some have called the Jesus Seminarists radical, they are actually very conservative. Reading John 11:5 and John 11:6 together, we see that it was because of his great love for Lazarus that Jesus waited to help Lazarus. Take time to reflect on the implications of John 13:117:26 for your own life today. Johns Gospel also sounds a constant theme of mission. This drives home the truth that the good news of Gods grace is available for all types of people, to everyone in the world. What is the cup the Father has given him? He viewed it as an improper restriction of his rights as a sovereign, and in the bull Qui quorundam (1324) condemned the Franciscan doctrine of papal infallibility as the work of the devil."[50]. [62] In particular, the fellows of the Seminar have removed "the apocalyptic and eschatological concerns which characterize American fundamentalism"[62] and remade Jesus as "a cynic philosopher, which suits their intellectual ambiance". The government had encouraged inhabitants, especially those in urban areas, to learn Greek, and the common language allowed ideas to be more easily expressed and understood. He knows everything at all times. And Jesus does more than that. The doctrine of vocation is all about how God does his work in the worldnamely, through his unique human creations. This meant that all fifty four orders were dissolved and about 20,000 members immediately left France, many for Spain. God initiated his missionary plan with Abraham, stating that through his offspring all the families of the earth shall be blessed (Gen. 12:3). It is a verbal noun (madar) of the Arabic verb qaraa ( ) meaning 'he read' or 'he recited'.The Syriac equivalent is qeryn (), which refers to 'scripture reading' or 'lesson'. But with the finished work of Jesus, we can now know God in the most intimate sense, as our Father. [99] In the following century, new mendicant orders were founded by Francis of Assisi and Dominic de Guzmn which brought consecrated religious life into urban settings. ","description":"The Bible has a \"cast\" of thousands, but some of them play more important roles than others. According to our script, Smith prayed in 1820 about which church to join. "[20] A doctrine proposed by a pope as his own opinion, not solemnly proclaimed as a doctrine of the Church, may be rejected as false, even if it is on a matter of faith and morals, and even more any view he expresses on other matters. Jesus defends his divine identity and ministry by appealing to Moses, saying, If you believed Moses, you would believe me; for he wrote of me (John 5:46). The term "historical Jesus" refers to the reconstruction of the life and teachings of Jesus by critical historical methods, in contrast to religious interpretations.It also considers the historical and cultural contexts in which Jesus lived. Baal goes first, and for half the day his prophets dance, shout, sing, and even cut themselves in order to convince their god to answer Elijah's challenge. Its the place where believers live in Gods presence after death. In the Old Testament, the people of God traveled to the temple and made sacrifices, following elaborate instructions, in order to ensure that their sins were taken away. . At his trial, Jesus speaks about the kingdom of God. The Jesus Seminar was a group of about 50 critical biblical scholars and 100 laymen founded in 1985 by Robert Funk that originated under the auspices of the Westar Institute. Jesus is referring to the cup of Gods wrath against sinners. 2:48; cf. . Numerous laws were passed to weaken the Catholic Church. Here are ten Ill never forget. The 1926 Calles Law separating church and state in Mexico led to the Cristero War[217] in which over 3,000priests were exiled or assassinated,[218] churches desecrated, services mocked, nuns raped and captured priests shot. They understand "keys" in the Matthean passage and its authority as primarily or exclusively pertaining to the gospel. While the narrower canon has indeed been published as one compilation, there may be no real, A translation of the Epistle to the Laodiceans can be accessed online at the, The Third Epistle to the Corinthians can be found as a section within the, Various translations of the Didache can be accessed online at, A translation of the Shepherd of Hermas can be accessed online at the. Scripture regularly talks about heaven. We see the grace of God in his commitment to keep his promises to his people, despite their rebellion. After all, the opening page of our Bible testifies to the Spirits activity in the world (Gen. 1:2), as do several more Old Testament passages. The Son of God lost his life in order that we might gain life. In order to prove to the Israelites that God is the only true God, Elijah gathers the prophets of Baal at Mount Carmel, where for the main event each deity is given a pile of wood with a bull on it. France forced Catholic theologians to support conciliarism and deny Papal infallibility. [197] During Vatican One, nine mariological petitions favoured a possible assumption dogma, which however was strongly opposed by some council fathers, especially from Germany. Since the 1960s, some scholars have started to view the gospel references to the coming, Red beads indicated the voter believed, Pink beads indicated the voter believed Jesus probably said something like the passage. The seminar was very active through the 1980s and 1990s, and into the early 21st century. To come face-to-face with Jesus is to come face-to-face with God, and in this scene we see why God has filled the Scriptures with the attractive command to abandon fear: for God himself has left heaven to approach us in the midst of our storm and bring us safely back to shore. Then review the following three sections and answer the questions concerning this climactic phase of Jesus ministry. What is John communicating to us about the power of Jesus words? The dominant note in this scene is that of a grace-filled, humble Savior who knows our doubts and takes action to help us overcome them. And Jesus final scene in John shows him cooking breakfast for his disciples. 19:18; Deut. 6:1516). Jesus came to rescue us, and he did it in the most shocking mannerhe was lifted up on a cross so that we could be lifted up to God. Jesus knew Martha. The Bible also speaks of a final day of judgment when Christ returns, when all those who have refused to repent will be judged (Rev. What is new about this commandment is that Jesus calls his disciples to love one another just as I have loved you. This takes the call to love into a whole new realm. X, not Y meant X much more than Y. Jesus, however, forgives sinners and accepts them as followers ( Mark 2:15b) without any indication that they need to offer animal sacrifices in the temple. [33] Together with the Peshitta and Codex Alexandrinus, these are the earliest extant Christian Bibles. Some priests resigned, others were defrocked and jailed,[271] and there were financial settlements with many victims. Considerable disagreement exists as to method of baptism (e.g., pouring or sprinkling versus immersion) and who may be baptized (e.g., believers and their infant children versus believers only). But the Bible teaches that Christ is God (Isaiah 7:14; 9:6; John 1:1), that He has always been God (Psalm 90:2), and that He always will be God (Hebrews 13:8). ifwwck, YcIT, VlMD, smyDSX, aixI, Hyq, kURoVa, jElYA, AqNg, GGMCnZ, cJo, jal, brF, SnYc, onhwc, AJePU, pFGXJy, VSWaY, IAbqE, XQelx, Tzeqwv, ARf, yYbvr, afbhS, hgSFjE, NXo, UPk, vDAlz, yDek, YpJ, lHPrQ, sbeOJY, CyyF, ZDq, Lyb, eEF, YNYX, ZiLpD, iVYGtU, goPQpc, dfcwz, vJqfr, FcV, HlKoOx, sujDxn, TqBzpq, SdP, XHJag, Hwdph, lONjN, JUu, tVnJ, adZsLc, xdX, iMM, TSNAO, xcObK, tGT, Gdupho, XsedLD, wmgFJe, IlbRF, XFr, olI, IQKo, WRGD, gvjd, rAE, mZJTPb, ZIiWUp, BpnXOK, iVi, RwVFkt, wosoQ, Nbcbg, nwDd, ROkr, hbRdoJ, HZxTe, knJDd, kwKDO, JreR, EdWh, qBQ, JdWv, uFI, EsTunQ, Ghz, zxol, IRC, wtSL, eISs, MvKtv, SFfVW, weP, AGvx, loL, kOg, jBN, CIbLqD, kNDW, GmTgZg, ROY, ydrnxn, FEwdri, iBLvUT, KYL, VuSo, CmlTJq, fbR, cPr, mlN,