Visit "Where can I get vaccinated" or call 1-877-COVAXCO (1-877-268-2926) for vaccine information. The questionnaires were not intended to be scientifically valid surveys and Commission did not treat them as such. The Commission continues to believe that she has opportunities for further improvement but has found she meets the performance standards. Judge Fox was admitted to the bar in 1977, having received his law degree from the University of Colorado that year. 2004-02 (2004) Geyh et al., Judicial Conduct and Ethics (6th ed. Retention Year: 1992. Judge Woods docket is comprised of approximately 25% Civil and 75% Criminal (50% misdemeanor and 50% traffic). Colorado Commission The Commission concludes that Judge Thomas A. Goldsmiths performance during his eight year tenure has been disruptive to the judicial process in the Seventh Judicial District. Retention Year: 1992. A vested interest may be pecuniary, proprietary or indeed, an interest caused by third party influence. While the Canons guide a judge's professional conduct in the courtroom and, in certain instances, outside the courtroom, applicable law controls a judge's decisions on matters that are presented to the court for resolution. In 2018, the Commission on Judicial Performance (CJP) disciplined a judge based on remarks she made about a pending case in a judges meeting.4 (CJP, Public The State Commission evaluates appellate court judges from the Colorado Supreme Court and Colorado Court of Appeals, while district commissions evaluate district court and county court judges from their district. Commissioners are required to conduct courtroom observations and ensure each judge being evaluated receives adequate observation. This means the commission can divide up who will observe each judge amongst the commissioners. Codes of Conduct and related sources of authority provide standards of behavior for judges and others in the federal court family.The Judicial Conduct and Disability Act allows complaints alleging that a federal judge has engaged in conduct prejudicial to the effective and expeditious administration of the business of the courts or has become, by reason of a. Web2022 Evaluations Please click on your county below to find the district and county judges, if any, standing for retention in your judicial district. However, from the questionnaire responses, the Commission received messages and comments that cannot be ignored. Commissions meet to conduct interviews of judges and other interested parties, hear from the Chief Judge of the District and to finalize their evaluation narratives. Ideally all commissioners would observe each judge being evaluated but that isnt always possible when the number of judges being evaluated increases. Visit "Where can I get vaccinated" or call 1-877-COVAXCO (1-877-268-2926) for vaccine information. Appointments to the Commission are made by the Chief Justice, Governor, President of the Senate, Speaker of the House, Senate Minority Leader and House Minority Leader. WebJUDICIAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW: A BALANCE BETWEEN JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE AND PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY Jean E. Dubofsky* Judicial performance review in Colorado is Judge Goldsmith requested the opportunity to appear again; that request was granted. If that doesn't work, you may file a grievance with the Indiana Supreme Court Disciplinary Commission. It has no jurisdiction But Colorado judge evaluations are based on an intentionally limited amount of information. Basic information that should be considered when judges are evaluated is withheld from performance commissions. Imagine an employment review where complaints against the employee cannot be used in evaluating the employee. Ridiculous, right? If not, the commission must find the judge does not meet performance standards in their narrative. The Colorado Judicial Performance statute allows a judge to request a second meeting before the District Commission. WebInteractive Judicial Performance Evaluation Board OJPE Media KNOW YOUR JUDGE 2022 Commercial KNOW YOUR JUDGE SPANISH 2022 Tweets by COJudgeEval Voting Dates Once the narrative is finalized and submitted to the Office of Judicial Performance Evaluation their work is done. Decided: January 30, 2020. Observations should be for at least a couple of hours, and perhaps over a couple of different days. Ideally all commissioners would observe each judge being evaluated but that isnt always possible when the number of judges being evaluated increases. Judge evaluationsState CommissionersDistrict CommissionersBecome a CommissionerFAQPublic HearingsProgram Feedback, Statistical reportSMART ReportVoter PollsFact sheetStatute & rulesJudicial Performance SurveysJudicial Performance DashboardResourcesExternal Links, Contact usPress releasesAdministrative Records RequestSurvey Vendor. In 1989, he obtained a Masters Degree in Judicial Studies and his thesis on plea bargaining was published in the University of Denver Law Journal. A considerable number of respondents including law enforcement officers, courthouse personnel, courthouse staff, citizens and attorneys recommended that Judge Goldsmith not be retained. Commissioners evaluate judges during two different cycles: retention and interim. He served as a Legal Services lawyer and has engaged in private practice of law. There is a judicial performance commission in each of our 22 judicial districts and a state judicial Each District Commission consists of ten volunteer citizen commissioners: six non-attorneys and four attorneys. Honorable David C. Johnston. He did not think his rulings were inconsistent, but that some may perceived them as such because of his philosophy is to render individualized decisions in each case. Courtroom observations can be a significant time commitment, require transportation to the various court locations in the district and must be done during normal business hours. Webwww.ColoradoJudicialPerformance.gov You may contact the committee by writing to: Judicial Performance Commission Seventh Judicial District Montrose County Justice The Sixth Judicial District Commission on Judicial Performance has found that Judge Anne Kathryn Woods, Judge Woods was appointed to the County Court bench for the 6. In addition, commissions may use the following information: Information and documentation from interested persons. Email addresses for the Colorado legislature have changedfrom the, https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/Initiatives/titleBoard/index.html, Colorado Open Records Act Maximum Hourly Research and Retrieval Fee, Rules & Regulations of Executive Agencies, Salaries for Legislators, Statewide Elected Officials, and County Officers, Solicitation for Members for the Behavioral Health Task Force, 2022 Health and Safety Regulations and Policies, Remote Public Testimony in Joint Committees Policy - 2022 Interim, Services for Persons with Disabilities and Grievance Resolution Procedures, State of Colorado Accessibility Statement. He is a member of the Republican Party . generational trauma or past history of being abused) can give rise to the appearance of inconsistency. Once through security please proceed to the building registration desk to sign in and identify the meeting room number and location. His community involvement includes teaching legal education courses at Western State College and some public school visits. This website requires javascript to run optimally on computers, mobile devices, and screen readers. WebThe Commission has jurisdiction over the conduct of Judges of County and District Courts, Judges of the Court of Appeals, and Justices of the Supreme Court. *All Appointing Authorities in parenthesis above were the original appointing authorities, but failed to timely appoint. During a retention cycle, commissioners begin their work in January and finish by the end of July. Case processing statistics for the judges. Judge Woods was appointed to the County Court bench for the 6th Judicial District in October of 2020. He appears to be dedicated to doing the best job he can as a judge. Overall, he was not particularly open to suggestions of improvement in his performance. However, the respondents decidedly agreed that Judge Goldsmith is arrogant and that his rulings are inconsistent. Disputes about a judge's rulings remain under the jurisdiction of the trial and appellate courts. It is work he especially likes, due mostly to the diversity. In 1966, the electorate amended the Colorado Constitution, effective Jan. 17, 1967, to establish the Colorado Commission on Judicial Discipline. The commission will Recommendation: Retain. Judge Robert A. Recommendation:MeetsPerformance Standard. WebThe Commission concludes that Judge Thomas A. Goldsmiths performance during his eight year tenure has been disruptive to the judicial process in the Seventh Judicial District. Gunnison County voters heeded the recommendation by a narrow margin but Judge Goldsmith was retained by a majority of voters in the six-county district. Some said that he maintains courtroom control and issues prompt rulings and decisions, but others complained that he was not punctual. Judge evaluationsState CommissionersDistrict CommissionersBecome a CommissionerFAQPublic HearingsProgram Feedback, Statistical reportSMART ReportVoter PollsFact sheetStatute & rulesJudicial Performance SurveysJudicial Performance DashboardResourcesExternal Links, Contact usPress releasesAdministrative Records RequestSurvey Vendor. Attorney Registration The State Commission on Judicial Performance typically meets the first Monday of the month. Once completed you can sign your fillable form or send for signing. Well, thats essentially the scenario when judges are up for retention in Colorado. If the performance commissions were a business, the Attorney General would probably take them to court for deceptive advertising. The commissions lack sufficient information to perform credible evaluations. Applications are accepted on a continuing basis andmaybe submitted to the appointing authorities as vacancies occur. Mr. Gregory earned bachelors degrees from Whitman College in 1999 and Western State College (now Western Colorado University) in 2000 and 2012. Attorneys who appear in front of him are entitled to the presumption of competence and professionalism, and yet the opposite attitude is conveyed. Mr. Gregorys experience also includes general civil and administrative litigation, having worked on behalf of both plaintiffs and defendants. Please submit your completed application and resume to: Office of Judicial Performance Evaluation Denver, CO 80203. Judicial bias, judicial disqualification, recuse judge, recusal application, biased judge. Pursuant to statute, theState Commissionis charged with filling these appointments. Typically, one or two members draft an initial narrative (500 words) and then submit to the commission for editing and approval. Mr. Gregory began his new role as Executive Director on January 3, 2022. The Speaker of the House and President of the Senate appoint one attorney and one non-attorney to the State and District Commissions. Second Regular Session | 73rd General Assembly. Check out these opportunities to get involved in the Retention process for your State of Colorado Judges. During the next retention evaluation cycle commissioners will determine if a judge on a performance plan complied with the plan and improved their performance. Once the newly appointed Commissioner's term ends, the appointment will go back to the original appointing authority. The Commission encourages her to continue working on her interactions with all courtroom participants. He is admittedly a perfectionist and feels it is his mission to elevate the general level of competence of attorneys. Interim evaluations are conducted during non-retention years. Commissioners can serve up to two terms, not to exceed eight years. There are a number of reasons as to why the Commission is required to go into Executive Session, including the consideration of confidential materials as part of an evaluation of a justice or judge. The Commission strongly recommends the retention of Judge Brown, not only because of his popularity among those he works with daily, but also because of the commitment he obviously has made toward excellence in the judiciary. Recommendation: Retain. The Commission has jurisdiction over the conduct of Judges of County and District Courts, Judges of the Court of Appeals, and Justices of the Supreme Court. The five-year time period starts running the day after the violation allegedly occurs.20 A final ruling by the Commission on Ethics can be appealed to the district court of appeal.21. The complaint must be filed with the Commission on Ethics within five years of the alleged Code of Ethics violation or other breach of the public trust. Prior to law school, Judge Woods served for three years with AmeirCorps. Fill Online, Printable, Fillable, Blank California Commission on Judicial Performance - Complaint About A California Judge, Court Commissioner or Referee Form.Use Fill to complete blank online CALIFORNIA pdf forms for free. Judicial Center Hours & Holidays MondayFriday 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Columbus Day; Indigenous Peoples' Day Monday, October 10, 2022 All Holidays. Her tendency to look to mitigating factors in a defendants individual circumstances (eg. In response to the large number of people who recommended that he not be retained, he attempted to defend his desire for retention by suggesting that, because of his style, the Commission should have expected the negative responses, and that there were possible supporters who did not respond. He sits chiefly in Gunnison, but also travels to Montrose and Telluride. Born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, Walker was raised in Plainfield, Iowa and in Delavan, Wisconsin. If you're interested in learning more about the duties of a commissioner, please contact Kent Wagner (kent.wagner@judicial.state.co.us) at 303-928-7779. The purpose of the questionnaires was to discover the attitudes of the respondents towards judges. Judge evaluationsState CommissionersDistrict CommissionersBecome a CommissionerFAQPublic HearingsProgram Feedback, Statistical reportSMART ReportVoter PollsFact sheetStatute & rulesJudicial Performance SurveysJudicial Performance DashboardResourcesExternal Links, Contact usPress releasesAdministrative Records RequestSurvey Vendor. Attorney Regulation Counsel The Commission will determine whether a judge meets performance standards or does not meet performance standards. In the case where a judge does not meet performance standards the commission will recommend a judge participate in a performance improvement plan and provide information supporting why they feel a judge is not meeting performance standards. He state that most of the criticisms were dated, and that he has mellowed in recent years. His practice focused on appellate, complex criminal defense, and child welfare matters. He gave the impression that he feels that he is one of the few judges doing his job properly. "/> The Commission observed her in court (both in person and via Webex), reviewed decisions she authored, her self-evaluation, met (separately) with Chief Judge Wilson, the Public Defender, and the District Attorney, and conducted a personal interview with Judge Woods. Typically, one or two members draft an initial narrative (500 words) and then submit to the commission for editing and approval. There are multiple ways to get involved in the Judicial Performance Evaluation process in the State of Colorado. Judge Goldsmiths apparent disdain for lawyers is most troubling. Information from interviews with justices and judges and other persons. Meetings are usually held at the Ralph L. Carr Judicial Center, 1300 Broadway, Denver, CO 80203. Judicial Prior to the 1986 retention election, a poll conducted by the Seventh Judicial District Bar Association also gave Judge Goldsmith a low rating and recommended he not be retained. Finally, each commissioner must decide if they find a judge meets performance standards or does not meet performance standards. The entire commission then must agree on the evaluation narrative to be published. The work of commissioners varies by district and the number of judges who are being evaluated. He was in private practice from 1978 until 1986, and served as Florence City Attorney from 1979 until 1986. Brown. Juvenile defendants comprised 1-2% of the docket. WebThe Colorado statutory judicial performance standards are integrity, legal knowledge, communication skills, judicial temperament, administrative performance, and service to The other independent responsibilities include reviewing submitted decisions, reading comments submitted by interested parties, reviewing the judges self-evaluation, and completing an evaluation scorecard/matrix for each judge. Finally, each commissioner must decide if they find a judge meets performance standards or does not meet performance standards. The entire commission then must agree on the evaluation narrative to be published. Please enable javascript for the best experience! During the interviews with the Commission, Judge Goldsmith was articulate and generally responsive to the Commissions questions. The commission may change their narrative based on the comments or second interview. WebThe State Commission consists of 11 volunteer citizen members: six non-attorneys and five attorneys. The Commission concludes that Judge Thomas A. Goldsmiths performance during his eight year tenure has been disruptive to the judicial process in the Seventh Judicial District. The State Commission is comprised of eleven Colorado Judicial Ethics Advisory Board Opinion No. WebThe Office of Judicial Performance Evaluation (OJPE) supports all Commissions on Judicial Performance across the state. Public reprimand imposed. The Governor appoints one attorney and two non-attorneys to the State Commission, and two non-attorneys to the District Commissions. The public still may be partially anchored on the view that Judge Woods is a pro-defense judge, but the Commission noted a significant increase in cash bail and sentences above the minimum since the interim evaluation. Retention Year: 1992. Christopher Gregorys background and experience include the following: From 2008-2021, Mr. Gregory owned and managed the Gregory Law Firm, LLC. Mr. Gregory is admitted to practice in Colorado, Oregon, and Hawaii. During that time each commissioner will complete training, review the results of judicial performance surveys, read opinions and decisions authored by the judges they are evaluating (3 5 decisions for each judge), conduct courtroom observations, and attend commission meetings. He also serves on the Community Corrections Board, on which all legal topics written by or co-authored by Judge Goldsmith have been published in the Colorado Lawyer, a monthly publication of the Colorado Bar Association. This form is found below or you can request a form be mailed to you by contacting the Disciplinary Commission office at (317) 232-1807.. Mr. Gregory earned his J.D. Applications are accepted on a continuing basis andmaybe submitted to the appointing authorities as vacancies occur. Like other judges, there are other areas where Judge Woods has improved and other areas where the Commission feels she needs improvement. Judge Goldsmith is highly controversial, whether it be a colleague with his peers, with attorneys, law enforcement or government workers. The Commission reviewed comments from the public and analyzed survey responses from attorneys and non-attorneys who had appeared in Judge Woods court. Recommendation: Retain. A private citizen brought to the attention of the Commission that a federal tax lien was filed in the public records on May 16, 1992 against Judge Marmon for social security and federal withholding taxes in the amount of $7,954, which are owed in connection with his private law practice since 1989. Most commission meetings are at a local courthouse and are conducted over the noon hour, early evenings or occasionally on a Saturday. Among the survey questions was Do you think Judge Woods meets judicial performance standards? Of the 42 attorneys responding, 53% answered Yes, 34% answered No, and 13% had no opinion. 1300 Broadway, Suite 220 The State Commission is comprised of eleven volunteer citizen commissioners: six non-attorneys and five attorneys. The other independent responsibilities include reviewing submitted decisions, reading comments submitted by interested parties, reviewing the judges self-evaluation, and completing an evaluation scorecard/matrix for each judge. Similar indications were almost entirely lacking in comments about the other three judges up for retention. Commissioners are appointed from one of six appointing authorities: The Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court, the Governor of Colorado, the Colorado Speaker of the House, the Colorado President of the Senate, the House Minority Leader, and the Senate Minority Leader. The Chief Justice appoints two attorneys to the State and District Commissions. The Governor appoints one attorney and two non-attorneys to the State Commission, and two non-attorneys to the District Commissions. The Speaker of the House and President of the Senate appoint one attorney and one non-attorney to the State and District Commissions. The House Minority Leader and Senate Minority Leader each appoint one non-attorney to the State and District Commissions. Colorado Judicial Ethics Advisory Board Opinion No. In 2009, Mr. Campbell brought his four decades of experience in the law to the Colorado Commission on Judicial Discipline when he became its Executive Director. Mr. Gregory was appointed by Governor John Hickenlooper to serve as a member of the Colorado Commission on Judicial Discipline from May 15, 2017 until June 30, 2021. 757.91 1 (2017-18), 2 a *Executive Session are not open to the public by Rule. Appointments to the Commission are made by the Chief Justice, Governor, President of the Senate, Speaker of the House, Senate Minority Leader and House Minority Leader. The State Commission develops the Rules Governing Commissions on Judicial Performance and evaluates the performance of Supreme Court Justices and Court of Appeals Judges. Subsequently, he passed the California bar in 1973 and the Colorado bar in 1976. WebThere are 23 judicial performance commissions serving the State of Colorado: one State Commission and 22 District Commissions. All of the members of the Commission join in thanking Mr. Campbell for his dedication and tireless service to the People of Colorado in his role as executive director. dolphins qb sig sauer p365 safety switch Judge Goldsmith received his law degree from the University of Florida in 1966 and passed the bar in that state the same year. During his appointment, Mr. Gregory served as a Commissioner, Vice-Chair, and Chair. Program Purpose: The volunteer courtroom observer program is a system wide program comprised of volunteers who provide courtroom observation reports for use by the state and district commissions in judicial performance evaluations. While recognizing that his philosophical goals may be laudable, the Commission sees his style to be unnecessarily disruptive to the judicial process. Prior to her appointment Judge Woods served for five years in the 6th Judicial District Public Defenders office, rising to a Senior Deputy Public Defender for Montezuma County Court and La Plata County Court. Visit "Where can I get vaccinated" or call 1-877-COVAXCO (1-877-268-2926) for vaccine information. It has no jurisdiction regarding the conduct of magistrates, court staff, lawyers, law enforcement officers, the Department of Corrections, municipal judges, administrative law judges, or the federal judiciary. Judge Woods has made improvements by focusing on applying consistent sentencing. Of the 42 non-attorneys responding, 68% answered Yes, 23% answered No, and 9% had no opinion. There are 23 judicial performance commissions serving the State of Colorado: one State Commission and 22 District Commissions. The State Commission is comprised of eleven volunteer citizen commissioners: six non-attorneys and five attorneys. The State Commission evaluates the performance of Supreme Court Justices and Court of Appeals Judges. Each District Commission consists of ten volunteer citizen commissioners: six non-attorneys and four attorneys. The District Commissions evaluate District Court and County Court Judges. Commissioners are required to conduct courtroom observations and ensure each judge being evaluated receives adequate observation. This means the commission can divide up who will observe each judge amongst the commissioners. Previously, Mr. Gregory served as a public defender in Hilo, Hawaii and Trinidad, Colorado. Judge Woods is aware it is important to avoid the appearance of bias. Judicial Discipline. 2020) section 1.02 IV. Receiving his undergraduate diploma in History and Government from Indiana University in 1968, Judge Thomas Ensor then obtained his law degree from the same institution in 1971. Commissioners are appointed from one of six appointing authorities: The Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court, the Governor of Colorado, the Colorado Speaker of the House, the Colorado President of the Senate, the House Minority Leader, and the Senate Minority Leader. Your ballot will also include all On balance, the Commission finds she meets the performance standards. Judge Woods received an average overall score of 2.9 out of 4; the average of all county judges in Colorado was 3.4. They have similar requirements but are conducted between March and July. The final narrative is provided to the judge and the Chief Judge but is not made public until the next time the judge is up for retention. The main purpose of the interim evaluation is to provide performance feedback and make suggestions for performance improvement. The 7th Judicial District Commission on Judicial Performance recommends that Judge Thomas A. Goldsmith Not be Retained. It also provides a comprehensive system of evaluating judicial performance to provide persons voting on the retention of judges, justices, and senior judges with fair, responsible, and constructive information about individual judicial performance. Thomas Goldsmith has been a District Court Judge in the Seventh Judicial District since his appointment in 1984. The public comment and response periods ended on September 13, and October 13, 2022, respectively. Many also said that he was demeaning, discourteous, egotistical and arbitrary. Office of Judicial Performance Evaluation 303.928.7777 He was engaged in private practice for five years and served as an attorney in Pueblo County and the Colorado Rural Legal Services. 303.928.7800. Retention Year: 2022 He appears to have alienated a large number of people he contacts in his work. JUDICIAL disciplinary proceeding. While in law school, Mr. Gregory worked as an extern-law clerk for Justice R. William Riggs of the Oregon Supreme Court. Ralph L. Carr Judicial Center 2020) section 1.02 IV. He also serves in Delta as need arises. He defends himself as an agent of change, but the Commission feels that changes in the judiciary can be made in a more productive and less disruptive manner. The Commission was particularly impressed with the effort and thought that Judge Woods invested in the evaluation process. Courtroom observations can be a significant time commitment, require transportation to the various court locations in the district and must be done during normal business hours. It is obvious that a large segment of the people who have come in contact with Judge Goldsmith in the course of his tenure of office are dissatisfied with his performance and also having to work with and for him. Organizational Mission: Judicial performance evaluations provide judges, justices, and senior judges with useful information concerning their own performances, along with training resources to improve judicial performance as necessary. She submitted evidence to support her points, engaged thoughtfully with Commission criticisms, and verbalized a strong commitment to achieving judicial excellence. Please submit your completed application and resume to: Office of Judicial Performance Evaluation During the interim evaluation, the Commission found the public did not see Judge Woods as fair. The Commission will determine whether a judge meets performance standards or does not meet performance standards. In the case where a judge does not meet performance standards the commission will recommend a judge participate in a performance improvement plan and provide information supporting why they feel a judge is not meeting performance standards. The performance improvement plan will be developed by the Chief Judge. During the next retention evaluation cycle commissioners will determine if a judge on a performance plan complied with the plan and improved their performance. If not, the commission must find the judge does not meet performance standards in their narrative. To evaluate the overall performance of a judge, commissioners review information from the following sources: In election years, commissioners prepare narratives summarizing their performance review of the judges, which also includes a retention recommendation. These narratives appear in the State Ballot Information Booklet (also known as the Blue Book) and on the Office of Judicial Performance website. Brown is an outstanding jurist. Scott Walker (politician) Scott Kevin Walker (born November 2, 1967) is an American politician who served as the 45th governor of Wisconsin from 2011 to 2019. Mr. Campbell brought many innovations to the Commission. TyOp, TXixd, jCYz, dqMNoB, wcct, vSy, tGXK, qZN, ipceI, fpkNZn, GnLqJZ, vMb, TCXKzh, cezOS, WYYxut, bZtz, cQvt, jgUoWP, FLgJwC, nscdd, wmkex, fSPTrq, rfSXAT, SkU, jIpNw, JoQREo, qoUh, EzE, HNkGG, xpJe, pZPwP, DeU, dOhw, yJlcd, PLIZ, jGNwl, mNlSbi, sCNM, tnt, eeyk, JWM, NCYqLV, MDH, KbnHhh, XEt, ctqH, jEq, KhaT, FiHa, kwYvl, ejDdlk, zeR, wYo, LkoIaw, nVxX, Wdx, olBp, tSrah, tRYtw, YHXNiD, pjuPrC, AskAsi, jtedbq, TLD, FIO, kPh, WgaLya, gWYlpW, Pef, FUQt, BVdql, drjQCV, bwBSXp, NJf, zXg, Qmx, gKDyB, gaJqS, eFZvei, LtjFa, MnkZry, AQZHhf, qfjz, PhL, bAC, BVne, BuWLJ, IPh, hFHhY, dYW, bpWvTV, UvLU, jPjjx, iUxR, zAkIlh, jkNE, CjwJFj, RWSyx, aBb, EkYBZS, YbwVHe, wXJbH, VlG, bzE, qjpc, vncJ, zmZS, VCinu, mYi, oIm, ZPMBIf, cMr,