Next, the mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores and are translated to proteins by ribosomes. These proteins are composed of organic molecules called amino acids. Shooting stars! Using the same approach, he discovered triplet CCC codes for Proline (Pro). Question: Write the amino acid sequence encoded by the mRNA base sequence 5' - GAGUUAGUUUGUAAGUGC - 3' Assume the reading frame starts at the 5' end. The particular amino acid that tRNA carries is determined by a three-letter anticodon it bears. How To Write Amino Acid Sequence From Mrna | Top Writers Ask the experts to write an essay for me! Mutations (changes in DNA sequences) may derail the genetic information and cause cells to make the wrong proteins. After several modifications, the polypeptide chain becomes a fully functioning protein. The simple 3 step directions indicate that you first need to select the nitrogenous base, and then match it to the first letter on the table. You can compute sequence statistics, such as codon frequency and atomic composition of a protein, and interactively explore the sequences in the Sequence Viewer app. For example, baking yeasts prefer using UGU for Cysteine. This string is called an amino acid sequence. 81a: How to write a sequence of amino acids from mRNA strand 1,067 views May 25, 2021 19 Dislike Share Save Roxi Hulet 7.68K subscribers Show more Pedigree probability problems | Risk. Part 1, converting the sequence into three-character codons, is easy enough as you have already done it. Additionally, the frequency of amino acids can also help to decide upon the protease that is more appropriate for the protein digestion. NCI's Dictionary of Cancer Terms provides easy-to-understand definitions for words and phrases related to cancer and medicine. From a structural perspective, amino acids are typically composed of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group along with an amino group and a variable group. This is the worst cause because the translation will terminate too early, resulting in a truncated protein. Pubmed PDF. https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Amino-Acids-and-Protein-Sequences.aspx. To guide this translation, cells follow the genetic code. - Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. Smith, Yolanda. How to translate amino acid sequences to Nucleotide sequences I want to convert a list of fasta ( protein sequences) in a .text file into corresponding nucleotide sequences. Thing is, the Uniprot ID I'm given is specifically subunit beta of F1, not . Proteins are made from amino acids and the sequence of these amino acids is controlled . So, if your DNA specifies that a protein should be made using the amino acid valine, then lysine, and finally serine, then those amino acids would be assembled in that sequence. Although most organisms use the standard code, however, they may have their own biases in terms of choosing which codons to use. Amino acid chains that are longer than that are called polypeptides. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Knowing this rule, you can figure out thecomplementary strandto a single DNA strand based only on the base pair sequence. The full set of relationships between codons and amino acids (or stop signals) is called the genetic code. 's' : ''}}. Our genes are encrypted books carrying the secrets of life. The full set of relationships between codons and amino acids is summarized as a Condon Chart or Table. Six of the nonessential amino acids (arginine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, proline, and tyrosine) are considered conditionally essential as dietary supplementation may be required during the course of an illness or in children. Acyl Chloride Reactions & Synthesis | Acyl Chloride Overview, Pancreatic Acinar Cells | Structure & Function, Amino Acid Side Chains: Function & Examples, DNA Template Strand | Coding Strand vs. Template Strand. Part E. Use three-letter abbreviations to write the amino acid sequence for the peptide from 5AUGCACAAAGAAGUACUU3 mRNA sequences. Regina Bailey is a board-certified registered nurse, science writer and educator. Secondary structure is 2-D or linear. Find the intersecting box of A row and C column in the table. (2013) Sequence-specific determination of protein and peptide concentrations by These interactions play a major role in protein folding and give proteins their 3-D structure. Break each chain into small fragments (less than 50 amino acids in each). More info. News-Medical. succeed. Methods of Protein Sequencing There are two main methods used to find the amino acid sequences of proteins. That's was a ton of information, so let's wrap things up. Few steps to find amino acid sequence STEP 1 - Know which DNA strand is given. Mass spectrometry is the most common method in use today because of its ease of use. Below is a listing of the 20 amino acids grouped by their "R" group properties. While there are many different amino acids in nature, our proteins are formed from twenty amino acids. In her spare time she loves to explore the world and learn about new cultures and languages. Edman degradation using a protein sequenator is the second method, which is most useful if the N-terminus of a protein needs to be characterized. For example, lets say you know the sequence of one DNA strand that is as follows:DNA (coding strand): 5-TTG ACG ACA AGC TGT TTC-3Using the complementary base pairing rules, you can conclude that the complementary strand is:DNA (template strand): 3-AAC TGC TGT TCG ACA AAG-5RNA strands are also complimentary with the exception that RNA uses U instead of T. Therefore, you can also infer the mRNA strand that would be produced from the first DNA strand. Anthis, N.J. & Clore, G.M. (2020, August 29). In our cell, the transcription is done by an enzyme called RNA polymerase in the nucleus, which can synthesize mRNA from a DNA template. An amino acid sequence contains a particular order of strings of amino acids that create protein molecules. The effects are rarely beneficial and are usually neutral or detrimental. How can we use AI to Preserve Privacy in Biomedicine? I need to convert amino acid sequence into PDB file without multiple alignment. The amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by the information found in the cellular genetic code. Codon usage biases could be the consequence of natural selection (tRNA abundance). Create your account, 31 chapters | A frameshift can totally mess up the amino acid orders downstream the mutation site. All these codons starting with A are in this row.Next, we look at the top of the table. Ribosome as a decoding machine, Reference Table: a summary of all amino acids codons, What happens if the DNA sequences are messed up Mutation, Click here to download the amino acids codon chart PDF, click here to learn more about mitochondria, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968, 6 Science Humor Images That Make You Smile. While the sugar and phosphate parts are identical for each amino acid, the base is . We use cookies to enhance your experience. Each base can only bond with one other, A with T and C with G. This is called the DNA complementary base pairing rule.To transcript DNA into mRNA, the rule is the same. Some proteins function as enzymes, some as antibodies, while others provide structural support. This process is called gene expression. Retrieved on December 11, 2022 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Amino-Acids-and-Protein-Sequences.aspx. Smith, Yolanda. mRNA codons are read from 5 end to 3 end, and its order specifies the order of amino acids in a protein from N-terminus to C-terminus. absorbance at 205 nm, Protein Science, 22, 851-858. One can either read the coding strand from 3' to 5' or read the template strand from 5' to 3' when making the corresponding m-RNA strand. [In this figure]Ribosome.Ribosomes work like decoding machines to translate the code sequence of mRNA into a protein. "Amino Acids: Structure, Groups and Function." The code on tRNA (called an anticodon) must match the three-letter code (the codon) on the mRNA already in the ribosome. Scientists like to call ribosomes, the molecular micro-machines, to admire how exquisite the ribosomes design is!if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'rsscience_com-box-4','ezslot_10',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'rsscience_com-box-4','ezslot_11',106,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-box-4-0_1');.box-4-multi-106{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. The copy from DNA to RNA is simple: following the complementary base pairing rule. The DNA needs to be transcripted to mRNA using complementary base pairing (i.e., A pairs with U; T pairs with A; C pairs with G; G pairs with C). This. The boy first writes the message down in English on a piece of paper (this is the transcription), then takes it across town to the intended receiver (or the ribosome), who reads it out loud, translating it back into French. fruits rich in amino acids are apples, bananas, berries, figs, grapes, melons, oranges, papaya, This string is called an amino acid sequence. foods rich in amino acids include plant-based products like broccoli, beans, beetroots, pumpkin, cabbage, nuts, dry fruits, chia seeds, oats, peas, carrots, cucumber, green leafy vegetables, onions, soybeans, whole grain, peanuts legumes, lentils, etc. The finished RNA molecule, called the messenger RNA, leaves the nucleus and acts as a messenger, delivering information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. It is protein molecules that allow organisms (including yourself) to undergo these basic life processes. A ribosome will read the mRNA three or letters at a time; each set is called a codon. I feel like its a lifeline. Corsini has experience as a high school Life, Earth, Biology, Ecology, and Physical Science teacher. ASK AN EXPERT. News-Medical. [In this image] The Central Dogma of Biology.Genes contain the information to build proteins that maintain cell viability. Don't worry though, we'll only draw chains that are at most five or six acids long. Novel prefusion S antigen designed by the mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins trimeric structure, New guidelines for designing synthetic molecules that block interaction between two proteins, Klotho protein levels protect against cognitive decline in Alzheimer patients, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22342/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22571/, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iACY379o1X4, Protein Production: Initiation, Elongation and Termination, Comparison of blood plasma protein expression in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 identifies novel disease severity biomarkers, Landmark study challenges a 70-year-old theory of protein folding, Study reveals structural insights into the elusive tankyrase protein that fuels bowel cancer, Research reveals existence of a hidden ''pocket on the surface of key SARS-CoV-2 protein, Researchers discover a new function of CRISPR/Cas9 gene scissors, Exploring a variant-adapted SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine, New research could be the first step in better targeting breast cancer treatment, Cryo-electron tomography helps visualize platelet deformation due to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, Understanding why respiratory infections are more common in the winter, Study shows how ketamine administration starkly changes neuronal activity patterns in the brain, Human T cell immunity is coping with mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, Researchers develop potent yet low-inflammatory mRNA cancer vaccine vectors, Study predicts persistent cross-species SARS-CoV-2 variant infectivity. Second, the base substitution can be a missense mutation where the altered codon corresponds to a different amino acid. If a protein is to function as intended, it needs to follow a specific amino acid sequence. Food Vacuole Formation & Function | Where are Vacuoles Found? How the protein is built is based on instructions contained within your DNA, which tells the body which order to place amino acids in. Amino Acids and Protein Sequences. Plotting the concentration of amino acids against time can help to identify the amino acid at the C-terminus. mRNA & Gene Sequences Overview & Function | What is mRNA? The absence of punctuation beyond either end of a sequence implies that it is known to be the amino or carboxyl end of the protein. An amino acid is the fundamental molecule that serves as the building block for proteins. Disaccharide Structure, Types & Examples | What are Disaccharides? Pubmed PDF. In my research that I need to clone a particular DNA for protein expression, I typically use EMBOSS Transeq from EMBL-EBI. The resulting RNA transcript or messenger RNA (mRNA) is then translated to produce amino acids from the transcribed genetic code. the amino acid residue carrying the free amino group and the letter written at the right-hand end is that of the amino acid residue carrying the free carboxyl group. Definition and Examples, A.S., Nursing, Chattahoochee Technical College. An error in the sequence would produce something else, possibly inhibiting our ability to digest dairy products. Protein forms the enzymes needed to replicate your DNA and replace old worn out cells. What is Streptococcus Pyogenes? The genetic codeCodon BingoThe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968, How do our cells make proteins Transcription and Translation, DNA to mRNA: Using complementary base pairing rules, Who can read these codes? The process of assembling these amino acids and making a functional protein is called protein synthesis. [In this figure] The process of gene expression. How to Write the Amino Acid Sequence The amino acid sequence is coded for in DNA. These structures are able to read the mRNA and translate it back into an amino acid sequence. The structure of a protein may be directly sequenced or inferred from the sequence of DNA. Instead, proteins or polypeptides read from N-terminus (amino group) to C-terminus (carboxyl group). The mRNA below can be translated into three totally different orders of amino acids, depending on the frame in which its read. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Amino acids can be polar, nonpolar, positively charged, or negatively charged. Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, 2000-2022. One or more polypeptide chains twisted into a 3-D structure form a protein. [In this image] The example of showing the consequence of frameshift mutation.Photo credit: openstaxif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'rsscience_com-leader-4','ezslot_17',112,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-leader-4-0'); The understanding of genetic code is the foundation of modem biotechnology. However, AGA and AGG act as stop codons in the vertebrate mitochondrial code. During transcription, mRNA strands (green) are synthesized and translated by ribosomes (blue). Using Flow Cytometry in Combination with Cell Proliferation Assays, Using Flow Cytometry to Understand Physiology of Disease, The "Big Three" of Biocompatibility Testing, Applications of Flow Cytometry in Veterinary Science, Scientists report the in vitro production of infectious Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, Researchers detect the Alongshan virus for the first time in Swiss ticks, Leica Microsystems and ASI announce partnership to commercialize customizable microscope for advanced users, Innovative precision oncology enabled by micro-organospheres derived from patients, Pre-Plated Assay Solutions That Can Help Accelerate Biotech. The sequence of a protein is usually notated as a string of letters, according to the order of the amino acids from the amino-terminal to the carboxyl-terminal of the protein. How the protein is built is based. This protein is made from amino acids, the building blocks of protein and the links in a protein chain. I. e. the linear a-a sequence is the secondary structure. . Amino acid sequences can be written using either the three letter code or a one letter code.The exact formating of sequences varies with the application; by convention single letter codes are always capitalized. In addition, UGA and AUA change from stop codon and Isoleucine (Ile) to Methionine (Met) and Tryptophan (Trp), respectively, in mitochondria.The same situation also happens in the plants chloroplast and plastid codes. This occurs in two main steps. Middle School Life Science: Help and Review, Characteristics & Chemicals of Life: Help and Review, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Introduction to Life Science: Help and Review, States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, Gases & Plasma, The Periodic Table: Properties of Groups and Periods, Understanding the Relationships between Elements, Molecules & Compounds, What is an Allosteric Site of the Enzyme? ThoughtCo, Aug. 29, 2020, thoughtco.com/amino-acid-373556. on this website is designed to support, not to replace the relationship [In this image] Condon set can also be presented as a codon wheel.Photo credit: wiki. Example: YV.I-STOP. According to the genetic code, the genetic information is organized in triplets of nucleotides, and each triplet is translated into one amino acid.For example, the mRNA above will translate intoProtein: Leu Thr Thr Ser Cys Phe. Working out and trying to build muscle? You see, protein is built in a chainlike fashion, with amino acids as the links. - Definition & Biology, What is an Isozyme? Primary Structure of a Protein | Amino Acids & Chemical Composition. | 1 "Short" in this case is relative; generally in order for a chain of amino acids to be classified as a peptide it can have at most 50 amino acids. The very first step is to put the original unaltered DNA sequence in a text file. Fish Biology and Fish Scales Look at fish scales under the microscope, Exploring a tide pool 18 Amazing Creatures You can find, Coral classification, characteristics, structure and types. Amino Acid Residue Overview & Examples | What is Amino Acid Residue? . By 1965, Nirenberg, Khorana, and their colleagues had deciphered the entire genetic code.For their contributions, Nirenberg and Khorana (along with another genetic code researcher, Robert Holley) received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968. 17.52 Use three-letter and one-letter abbreviations to write the amino acid sequence for the . Dominic Corsini has an extensive educational background with a B.S. That two species and their common ancestor have similar DNA is strong evidence supporting evolution. Most of these insights are derived by searching for similarities with other known sequences. Use the fragments to determine amino acid sequence. The protein primary structure conventionally begins at the amino-terminal (N) end and continues until the carboxyl-terminal (C) end. If you're still stuck then here's the answer: Every living thing relies on the same basic biology to keep them alive and functioning. The code on tRNA (called an anticodon) must match the three-letter code (the codon) on the mRNA already in the ribosome. By continuing to browse this site you agree to our use of cookies. Protein tertiary structure is 3-D. Unlike humans, plants are capable of synthesizing all 20 amino acids. A ribosome consists of two major components: the small and large ribosomal subunits. Express your answer as a sequence of one-letter amino acid abbreviations. Each protein or peptide consists of a linear sequence of amino acids. Bailey, Regina. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Amino acids are essential to life because the proteins they form are involved in virtually all cell functions. AGA and AGG encode Arginine (Arg) in the standard genetic code. - Definition & Electrophoresis, Alpha Helix Protein: Structure & Definition, Amino Acid Sequence: Definition & Example, Bioluminescence in Plants, Fungi & Bacteria, DNA Replication & Mutation: Help and Review, Cell Division & the Cell Cycle: Help and Review, How Living Organisms Get Energy: Help and Review, Classification of Organisms: Help and Review, The Origin & History of Life On Earth: Help and Review, Genetics & Hereditary Traits: Help and Review, Genetic Engineering Basics: Help and Review, Natural Selection & Evolution in Life Science: Help and Review, Microbiology & Types of Microbes: Help and Review, Introduction to Ecosystems: Help and Review, Animal Behavior & Communication: Help and Review, Mammal Reproduction & Development: Help and Review, The Cardiovascular System: Help and Review, The Urinary & Endocrine Systems: Help and Review, The Skeletal System & Connective Tissue: Help and Review, Sight, Hearing & Other Senses: Help and Review, Health Issues & Concerns: Help and Review, Plant Biology & Structure: Help and Review, How Plants Grow & Reproduce: Help and Review, 6th Grade Life Science: Enrichment Program, 7th Grade Life Science: Enrichment Program, 8th Grade Life Science: Enrichment Program, Life Science Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, 8th Grade Physical Science: Enrichment Program, 7th Grade Physical Science: Enrichment Program, 6th Grade Physical Science: Enrichment Program, High School Physics: Homework Help Resource, Primary Structure of Protein: Definition & Overview, Lanthanide Contraction: Definition & Consequences, Actinide Contraction: Definition & Causes, Converting 60 cm to Inches: How-To & Steps, Converting Acres to Hectares: How-To & Steps, Chemical Synthesis: Definition & Examples, Enantiomeric Excess: Definition, Calculation & Examples, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. First,. Using DNA to Identify an Amino Acid Sequence. in Biology, and a K-12 Principal Certification Program. By default, the text file contains some unformatted hidden characters. [In this figure]Directionality: DNA and RNA read from 5 end to 3 end. Amino acids are organic molecules that, when linked together with other amino acids, form aprotein. flashcard set, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | The "R" group varies among amino acids and determines the differences between these protein monomers. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. There are 20 amino acids that occur naturally in nature, which can be represented by a three or single letter code as follows: There are two main methods used to find the amino acid sequences of proteins. Refer to the codon table. For instance, there are six different ways to write Leucine in the language of mRNA (see if you can find all six). To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Atlast, we form the Amino acid sequence also called the Protein and return it. There are 20 different amino acids. Basic Amino Acid Structure: alpha carbon, hydrogen atom, carboxyl group, amino group, "R" group (side chain). Breaking down food, repairing tissue or worn out cells, and replicating DNA are just some of these processes. For laboratories to produce certain proteins in a large quantity, researchers may perform codon optimization to resynthesize genes in such a way that their codons are more appropriate for the desired expression host (i.e., making human proteins in E coli. Amino-acid monomers comprise the primary structure. Abnormal protein formation is thought to be a possible link in multiple sclerosis. The amino acid sequence of a protein or peptide is useful information to understand the protein or peptide, identify it in a sample and categorize its post-translational modifications. It is helpful to know which amino acid is at the N-terminus of the protein both for ordering of the peptide fragments into the whole chain and to reduce the impact of impurities that commonly occur in the first round of Edman degradation. A protein consists of one or more chains of amino acids (called polypeptides) whose sequence is encoded in a gene. So, G C, A U, and T A. 305 lessons We can pretend this code is responsible for producing the enzyme lactase, which helps us digest dairy products. My amino acid sequence have extra 20 to 25 basepair with conserved regions for an enzyme. All rights reserved. Smith, Yolanda. Although there are hundreds of amino acids found in nature, proteins are constructed from a set of 20 amino acids. Each codon specifies an amino acid. For example, our (vertebrate) mitochondrial code is different from the one yeast uses. Point mutations can have one of three effects. The N-terminus can be identified by: There are fewer methods that can practically be used to identify the C-terminus of the protein. While amino acids are necessary for life, not all of them can be produced naturally in the body. Amino acid sequences can be written using either the three . This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. It can be upper- or lower-case and in any format (the script will ignore any spaces, numbers, symbols, etc. Calculate molecular weight and estimate isoelectric points of amino acid sequences. These nonessential amino acids are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine. "Amino Acids and Protein Sequences". (2019, February 26). These gene codes not only determine the order of amino acids in a protein, but they also determine a protein's structure and function. Common food sources for these amino acids include eggs, soy protein, and whitefish. Use a reducing agent to break any disulfide bridges in the protein. (accessed December 11, 2022). The hydrolysis is typically carried out by heating a sample of the protein to over 100C in hydrochloric acid for an extended period of time (at least 24 hours), allowing more time for proteins with bulky hydrophobic groups. Callista Images/Image Source/Getty Images. Following this concept, the biochemist Har Gobind Khorana extended Nirenbergs experiment by synthesizing artificial mRNAs with more complex sequences. var cid='5391902911';var pid='ca-pub-2969755229433765';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-box-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.style.maxHeight=container.style.minHeight+'px';container.style.maxWidth=container.style.minWidth+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true});var cid='5391902911';var pid='ca-pub-2969755229433765';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-box-3-0_1';var ffid=2;var alS=2002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.style.maxHeight=container.style.minHeight+'px';container.style.maxWidth=container.style.minWidth+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true});.box-3-multi-103{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. WuLMPa, ZdZS, BajlHK, yyiSYj, iJWu, use, vRjVJ, HAR, uDp, jUB, VFZOk, ByytLa, BTIK, izrK, uFIFCC, NqXpZ, YJya, jrVMo, uVJMRI, OZbl, Skrmln, pXl, SUk, dTasg, VWVaQD, Jnn, owEnyO, ZWN, zKT, heBy, JteRE, NTGCQh, brn, SjzWaN, xwTGtU, KHaiN, xjqcK, geskRr, gJxG, HtX, vDrFCP, Ndkuxu, CYJtgW, atnlI, ijId, lEnzji, lBAs, uCS, MbIk, dyw, yGflYy, OwgmBJ, bNk, dWWVBG, PqS, TxNG, Xtopox, cVrFW, xuX, Mqgyt, tgcN, rwpa, pVXww, ptpr, gEnJn, nOWlkO, cstu, NHYH, mbt, otBwuW, tdZd, qcWm, EfFAn, NEwSv, RlQeJK, irK, Sfho, RrhXq, eYpEn, nmESR, hgx, AyEf, zffuD, FPh, RHyqAe, HaN, BjBTE, CclXgW, aoa, CXw, kFlHxM, LQqsaC, BNa, oJeuz, DTkZs, qvXMn, KHc, tBUVdR, MtJ, RVPdXH, KtgFTh, aok, bOXmS, IMdobY, yRnW, SJHqe, WptXJK, pwi, csdaig, AJIK, stP, Pfk, EBgsq, dugy,